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Footnoting

Note: The information below is quoted directly from the Style manual for authors editors and printers, 2002, pp. 214-215.

ibid. ( ibidem) - in the same place
op. cit. (opere citato) - in the work cited
loc. cit. (loco citato) - in the place cited
id. (idem) - the same

An 'ibid.' signifies a reference to the same work cited immediately before it. It can refer to the same page or to a different one. For example:

1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australia's welfare: services and assistance, AIHW Canberra, 1999, pp.128-41
2. ibid
3. ibid., p. 160

An 'op. cit.' refers the reader back to a previously cited work but to a different page:

1. 1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australia's welfare: services and assistance, AIHW, Canberra, 1999, p. 128.
   2. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Causes of death, cat. no. 3303.0, ABS, Canberra, 1995.
   3. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, op. cit., p. 171.

A 'loc. cit.' refers the reader back to the same page of a work already cited:

1. 1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australia's welfare: services and assistance, AIHW, Canberra, 1999, p.128.
   2. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Causes of death, cat. no. 3303.0, ABS, Canberra, 1995.
   3. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, loc. cit.

An 'id.' signifies that the work in the second note is the same author as the work in the first note:

1. 1. R Hyslop, Aye, aye, Minister: Australian naval administration 1939-59, AGPS Press, Canberra, 1990, p. 89.
   2. id., Australian mandarins: perceptions of the role of departmental secretaries, AGPS Press, Canberra, 1993, p. 45.

Content by Librarian, Faculty of Arts